What is the concept of "progressive realization" associated with?

The concept of "progressive realization" is specifically associated with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This framework acknowledges that while states are obligated to fulfill the rights outlined in the Covenant, the actual implementation of these rights may take time and require careful consideration of available resources.

Progressive realization reflects the understanding that achieving full enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights (such as the right to health, education, and an adequate standard of living) is contingent upon the state's capacity to allocate resources and create policies effectively. It encourages states to take deliberate, concrete steps toward fulfilling these rights, rather than expecting immediate realization in all areas. Importantly, this notion also places a duty on states to work towards these goals and to demonstrate their commitment to advancing these rights progressively.

In contrast, other international human rights instruments focus more on immediate obligations or civil and political rights, which are typically meant to be observed in a more immediate manner. The American Convention on Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights primarily comprise civil and political rights and do not emphasize the concept of progressive realization in the same way as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.