What does "progressive realization" under ICESCR require from states?

The concept of "progressive realization" under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) acknowledges that states may not be able to fully realize all economic, social, and cultural rights immediately due to resource limitations and varying levels of development. Therefore, it requires states to undertake deliberate, concrete, and targeted steps toward the full realization of these rights over time.

This means that while full implementation may not be immediate, states are expected to continuously improve their efforts and make advancements in the quality and accessibility of rights such as education, health, and adequate living standards. States are urged to take action to the maximum of their available resources, demonstrating accountability in their progress. This principle allows for flexibility based on a country’s circumstances but emphasizes the importance of commitment and gradual enhancement in fulfilling human rights obligations.

The other options suggest immediate fulfillment, misinterpret the purpose of rights in favor of resource limitation, or imply a narrow focus on economic growth without regard for social and cultural needs, which does not align with the comprehensive nature of human rights as enshrined in the ICESCR.