What does “progressive realization” mean in the context of human rights?

In the context of human rights, "progressive realization" refers to the gradual improvements towards fulfilling rights. This concept acknowledges that while certain rights, particularly economic, social, and cultural rights, must be pursued over time, states have a responsibility to take deliberate, concrete steps aimed at achieving full realization of these rights.

Progressive realization reflects the understanding that fully implementing all rights immediately may not be feasible due to resource constraints or varying economic conditions in different countries. Instead, it establishes the expectation that states will prioritize and work towards the progressive enhancement of rights while also ensuring that they do not retrogress or diminish the rights already achieved. This approach encourages accountability for governments to actively develop policies, allocate resources, and create frameworks that promote human rights over time.

The other choices present misconceptions about the principle of progressive realization. Immediate enforcement of all rights would ignore the practical limitations faced by states. The idea that full realization requires no cost considerations is not feasible, as human rights implementation often involves significant economic and logistical commitments. Lastly, suggesting that states may ignore obligations due to lack of resources contradicts the essence of progressive realization, which emphasizes the importance of taking action even in the face of challenges, rather than neglecting responsibilities.